智能工頻交(jiao)流耐壓試驗裝置設計原理
電(dian)(dian)力檢測試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中，常見的(de)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)就(jiu)是(shi)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，智能在工(gong)(gong)頻下，也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)50Hz頻率(lv)下的(de)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，我(wo)們就(jiu)稱為工(gong)(gong)頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。工(gong)(gong)頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)又叫交流(liu)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，是(shi)絕緣耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)一種(zhong)(zhong)。是(shi)鑒(jian)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)力設備(bei)(bei)絕緣強度有效和直(zhi)接的(de)方法，是(shi)電(dian)(dian)力預防(fang)性試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)一項(xiang)重(zhong)要(yao)內容。常見的(de)工(gong)(gong)頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝置由試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器和智能控制臺組成，可進行多種(zhong)(zhong)絕緣耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，交流(liu)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)是(shi)保證電(dian)(dian)力設備(bei)(bei)安全(quan)運行的(de)一種(zhong)(zhong)重(zhong)要(yao)手段。
智能工頻交流耐壓試驗裝置同樣也是對(dui)高(gao)壓電氣設(she)備進行絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)測試(shi)(shi)的一種(zhong)手段，它通(tong)過工頻(pin)耐(nai)壓試(shi)(shi)驗設(she)備以工頻(pin)的頻(pin)率將電壓上(shang)升(sheng)到一定的數值加壓到被試(shi)(shi)設(she)備上(shang)，用來(lai)檢(jian)驗各種(zhong)電器產品(pin)(pin)、電氣元(yuan)件、絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)材料等被試(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)的絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)強度(du)，考(kao)核產品(pin)(pin)的絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)水(shui)平，判斷被試(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)的絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)缺陷，衡(heng)量(liang)過電壓的能力。
工頻(pin)耐壓試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具體實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)方法(fa)如(ru)下：對220kv及以下電(dian)氣(qi)設備也用它來檢驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)絕緣耐受操作過(guo)電(dian)壓，暫時過(guo)電(dian)壓的能力。試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)時，按規定將被(bei)試品(pin)接入(ru)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)回(hui)路，逐步升(sheng)高電(dian)壓至標準規定的額定工頻(pin)耐受電(dian)壓值(zhi)，保持(chi)1min，然后迅速、均勻地降壓到零，在規定的時間內，被(bei)試品(pin)絕緣未發生(sheng)擊(ji)穿(chuan)穿(chuan)或(huo)表面閃絡，則認為通過(guo)了該項試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。
工(gong)頻(pin)交流試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)所施(shi)電(dian)壓(ya)高出(chu)電(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備額定工(gong)作電(dian)壓(ya)，通(tong)過(guo)這一試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)可(ke)(ke)以發現很多絕緣缺(que)陷，尤其(qi)對局部缺(que)陷更為有效(xiao)，其(qi)缺(que)點(dian)是可(ke)(ke)能在(zai)耐(nai)壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時給絕緣帶來一定損(sun)傷，所以應在(zai)絕緣電(dian)阻、介(jie)質損(sun)耗(hao)因數等(deng)項目試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)合格(ge)后，才可(ke)(ke)進(jin)行工(gong)頻(pin)交流耐(nai)壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。
在智能工頻交流耐壓試驗裝置中，低壓側測量電壓(儀表電壓)不是非常準確的，其原因是由于試驗變壓器存在著漏抗，在這上個漏抗上必然存在著壓降或容升，使試品上的電壓低于或高于低壓側測量電壓表上反映出來的電壓。工頻耐壓試驗時，被試品上的電壓高于試驗變壓器的輸出電壓，也就是所謂容升現象。感應耐壓試驗時。試驗變壓器的漏抗必須存在著壓降。為了準確測量被試品上所施加電壓，因此常在高壓側接入RCF阻容分壓器來測量電壓。
在(zai)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中(zhong)，還(huan)有(you)一(yi)種(zhong)被稱(cheng)為(wei)沖擊(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)又稱(cheng)為(wei)沖擊(ji)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，它主(zhu)要(yao)檢驗(yan)(yan)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備在(zai)雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、操作(zuo)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)等(deng)沖擊(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)作(zuo)用下的絕緣(yuan)性和保護性，在(zai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)上(shang)要(yao)比(bi)絕緣(yuan)正常運行時所承受(shou)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高出很多。沖擊(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)所產(chan)生出的高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)主(zhu)要(yao)通(tong)過(guo)雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)沖擊(ji)和操作(zuo)沖擊(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)兩種(zhong)方(fang)法產(chan)生。
工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)裝置主要(yao)通過沖擊(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)發生器產生的；操作沖擊(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的產生一種和雷電(dian)(dian)沖擊(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)一樣(yang)利(li)(li)用(yong)沖擊(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)發生器適當改變(bian)其參數產品，這種方法主要(yao)用(yong)于具備高阻抗(kang)的被試品。另一種是利(li)(li)用(yong)沖擊(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)發生器與變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器聯(lian)合產生，這種方法就(jiu)是高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)中常用(yong)的試驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的。同為耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)，試驗(yan)(yan)產品電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和頻率不一樣(yang)，檢測不同耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)水平。
